Grade 316L, the low carbon version of 316 and has very high immunity from sensitization (grain boundary carbide precipitation). It is extensively used in the oil and gas and chemical industries for its cost effective corrosion resistance and ease of fabrication. There is commonly no appreciable price difference between 316 and 316L stainless steel. The austenitic structure also gives these grades excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures. Compared to chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels, 316L stainless steel offers higher creep, stress to rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperatures.
These alloys may be considered for a wide variety of applications where one or more properties are important.
Chemical Composition (% by weight)
316 | 316L | |||
Element | Min | Max | Min | Max |
C | - | 0.08 | - | 0.035 |
Mn | - | 2 | - | 2 |
Ni | 10 | 14 | 10 | 15 |
Cr | 16 | 18 | 16 | 18 |
Mo | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
S | - | 0.03 | - | 0.03 |
Si | - | 1 | - | 1 |
P | - | 0.045 | - | 0.045 |
Typical chemical composition | ||||
% | 304 | 304L | 316 | 316L |
C | 0-0.07 | 0-0.03 | 0.8 | 0.03 |
Mn | 0-2.0 | 0-2.0 | 2 | 2 |
Si | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
P | 0-0.05 | 0-0.05 | 0.045 | 0.045 |
S | 0-0.02 | 0-0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Cr | 17.5-19.5 | 17.5-19.5 | 16.0-18.0 | 16.0-18.0 |
Ni | 8-10.5 | 8-10.5 | 10.0-14.0 | 10.0-14.0 |
Mo | 2.00-3.00 | 2.00-3.00 | ||
N | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
Fe | Balance | Balance |
316L Chemical composition: | ||||||
C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | S |
≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | 16.0~18.0 | 10.0~14.0 | 2.0~3.0 | ≤0.03 |
mechanical properties: | ||||||
Tensile strength | Conditions yield strength | Elongation δ5 (%) | Section shrinkageψ (%) | Hardness | ||
σb (MPa) | 0.2 sigma (MPa) | |||||
480 | 205 | 40 | 60 | ≤187HB ≤90HRB |
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